I looked this up some time ago. Comes from a home brew site.
Seems to be some confusion between the 2 terms. So, in an effort to
clear it up, here are a couple of definitions to keep in mind:
Sanitize - to render sanitary, or free from elements, such as filth or
pathogens, that endanger health. This does not mean ALL possible
microorganisms, etc, but MOST. Sanitizing does not remove ALL bacteria,
microorganisms, etc.
Sterilize - to render sterile, or to make free from ALL live bacteria or
other microorganisms. Kind of a "total kill" of everything.
Something that is sterilized can also be considered sanitary, but
something that is sanitized is not sterile.
You know. Like a kayak is a canoe, but a canoe may not be a kayak.